Prevalence of Return to Work in Cardiovascular Patients After Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to clarify the effects of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on the prevalence of return to work (RTW) in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) patients. CR plays a very important role in the management of CVDs and improves the patients' physical activity, quality of life, and a decrease in the cost of healthcare. RTW is the most important goal in the rehabilitation of CVD patients. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google scholar were searched systematically from inception up to January 2021 for English published clinical trials and observational studies. In total, 16 studies were analyzed, of them, 8 were controlled studies. Pooled results showed that the mean age of patients was 52.30 (50.04, 54.57). The prevalence of RTW in the CR attending group was 66% (60%, 71%) and in the control group was 58% (47%, 68%). Subgroup analysis showed that the proportion of RTW was higher in white-collars 76% (73%-79%) compared to. blue-collars 63% (56%-70%). Out-patient CR with 72% (61%-81%) RTW was more effective compared to in-patient CR with 62% (44%- 78%) and usual care (control). It can be concluded that CR especially out-patient CR increases the prevalence of RTW but not much. Improved and appropriate CR programs related to each individual's disease and patient condition which follow the valid guidelines might help to increase the effectiveness of CR in terms of RTW.

15-Year lipid profile effects on cardiovascular events adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors: a cohort study from Middle-East.

BACKGROUND: Dyslipidaemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, there are only a few long-term cohort studies. The aim of this unique study is to evaluate the effects of several lipid markers on cardiovascular outcomes during a 15-year follow-up from the Isfahan cohort study (ICS). METHODS: This ongoing cohort study was started in 2001 in three cities of Iran. The study population includes 5432 individuals older than 35 years and with Iranian citizenship. All of the patients were evaluated every 2 years by telephone and a full medical examination with blood sampling was conducted every 5 years. The data were recorded in our checklists. Dyslipidaemia was defined according to the ATPIII criteria. Our endpoints in this study were any cardiovascular events such as stroke, sudden cardiac death, unstable angina or myocardial infarction (MI). RESULTS: cardiovascular events were significantly higher in males, older people, diabetics, smokers, patients with higher BMIs, higher blood pressure, dyslipidaemia and less educational level, physical activity index and global dietary index. Our adjusted multivariable analysis (for cardiovascular risk factors and demographic factors) revealed that dyslipidaemia could increase the risk of 15-year cardiovascular events by 1.59 times (HR = 1.59 [1.23-2.06], p value < .001) adjusted for demographic factors and baseline cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Dyslipidaemia, as an independent risk factor, was associated with future cardiovascular events. In this regard, serum lipid screening can help to decrease the risk of long-term cardiovascular events.